Children that undergo bone marrow transplants can develop life threatening infections while the immune system is trying to regenerating itself. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital thinks they have found a better way to harvest stem cells that are more vigorous in reproducing and rebuilding the immune system. These stem cells would reduce the time it takes for the immune system to rebuild--reducing the risk of infection.

When harvesting the donated bone marrow a specific antibody is used to find the vigorous stem cells that mature and reproduce faster. They found that using a new antibody along with the one already used might prove to have better results in capturing the best stem cells needed. This could help the donated bone marrow to take hold faster and lessen the risk of the time children are exposed to serious infections.

Although the studies so far have been done on mice, the researchers believe that this is promising information that with further studies can translate into better treatment for children that need to undergo a bone marrow transplant.

Researchers at M.D. Anderson report on long-term cardiac status of patients receiving Herceptin. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, is highly effective for treating HER2 overexpressing invasive breast cancer. In patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer, Herceptin plus chemotherapy improved disease progression and overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone.

The study included patients who received Herceptin for at least one year. Most patients with Herceptin associated cardiac toxicity recovered completely, and many were re-treated with Herceptin without additional cardiac toxicity. Some patients did not discontinue use of Herceptin despite cardiac dysfunction.

This report suggests that patients who experience Herceptin induced cardiac toxicity should be managed with cardiologists and decisions to continue or resume Herceptin must be made after careful discussion of potential benefits and risks associated with further therapy.

Yesterday the Food and Drug Administration approved the drug Vectibix for patients who have metastatic colon cancer. Vectibix is to be given by IV following standard chemotherapy treatments. The FDA approved the drug after it showed effectiveness in slowing tumor growth and, in some cases, reduced tumor size.

Steven Galson, MD,MPH, the director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research said "This approval adds a treatment option for patients with an advanced stage of a disease that can be life threatening".

Vectibix is a monoclonal antibody, scientists can make monoclonal antibodies that react with specific antigens on certain types of cancer cells. As researchers discover more cancer associated antigens, they will be able to direct monoclonal antibodies against more and more cancers.

At this time, there are 200 companies engaged in 600 clinical trials that involve 340 immunotherapy drugs -- all under study in an attempt to assist in the treatment of 40 different cancers. The top five targeted cancers are melanoma, breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal.

While antibody studies are the top headline-makers right now, cancer vaccines are following behind. With the recent approval of Gardasil -- the cervical cancer vaccine -- the push for more vaccine options will become strong. Future industry challenges also include discovering strong antigens, effective immunomodulators, and suitable delivery technologies.

Powerful drugs like Avastin, Erbitux, and Rituxan are just the precursors to what might lie ahead for cancer patients as a result of this widespread effort to knock cancer out of the ballpark.